The Black History Month - Rosa Parks

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African-American Civil Rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights". She was born on February 4, 1913 and on December 1, 1955 she was refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger, spurring the Montgomery boycott and other efforts to end segregation. Rosa's childhood brought her early experiences r
acial discrimination and activism for racial equality. After her parents separated, Rosa's mother moved the family to Pine Level in Alabama to live with her parents - both former slaves and strong advocates for racial equality. In 1932, at age 19, Rosa met and married Raymond Parks, a barber and an active member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. With Raymond's support, Rosa earned her high school degree in 1933. She soon became actively involved in civil rights issues by joining the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP in 1943, serving as the chapter's youth leader as well as secretary to NAACP President E.D. Nixon—a post she held until 1957. The Montgomery City Code required that all public transportation be segregated and that bus drivers had the "powers of a police officer of the city while in actual charge of any bus for the purposes of carrying out the provisions" of the code. While operating a bus, drivers were required to provide separate, but equal accommodations for white and black passengers by assigning seats. This was accomplished with a line roughly in the middle of the bus separating white passengers in the front of the bus and African-American passengers in the back.
When an African-American passenger boarded the bus, they had to get on at the front to pay their fare and then get off and re-board the bus at the back door. When the seats in the front of the bus filled up and more white passengers got on, the bus driver would move back the sign separating black and white passengers and, if necessary, ask black passengers give up their seat. On December 1, 1955, after a long day's work at a Montgomery department store, where she worked as a seamstress, Rosa Parks boarded the Cleveland Avenue bus for home. She took a seat in the first of several rows designated for "colored" passengers. Though the city's bus ordinance did give drivers the authority to assign seats, it didn't specifically give them the authority to demand a passenger to give up a seat to anyone (regardless of color). However, Montgomery bus drivers had adopted the custom of requiring black passengers to give up their seats to white passengers, when no other seats were available. If the black passenger protested, the bus driver had the authority to refuse service and could call the police to have them removed.
As the bus Rosa was riding continued on its route, it began to fill with white passengers. Eventually, the bus was full and the driver noticed that several white passengers were standing in the aisle. He stopped the bus and moved the sign separating the two sections back one row and asked four black passengers to give up their seats. Three complied, but Rosa refused and remained seated. The driver demanded, "Why don't you stand up?" to which Rosa replied, "I don't think I should have to stand up." The driver called the police and had her arrested. Later, Rosa recalled that her refusal wasn't because she was physically tired, but that she was tired of giving in.
The police arrested Rosa at the scene and charged her with violation of Chapter 6, Section 11, of the Montgomery City Code. She was taken to police headquarters, where, later that night, she was released on bail.

 

New Year's Resolutions

Popular New Year's Revolutions        

• Lose weight
• Volunteer to help others
• Quit smoking
• Get a better education
• Get a better job
• Save money
• Get fit
• Eat heathly food
• Manage stress
• Manage debt
• Take a trip 
• Reduce, reuse and recycle
• Drink less alcohol 

My New Year's Revolutions
It's a new year and it's time to start again. Stop thinking about what I'm going to do and start doing it. It's time to live my life in the way I want and be who I am. Forget what happened in 2014 and make this year better.

• Lose weight
• Save money
• Get fit regular
• Eat heathly food
• Study more
• Drink more water
• Read all books I want to read
• Help others
• Learn something new
• Travel and discover
• Be more gentily with others
• Be ALWAYS myself
• Go to concerts of my favorite bands

Happy Days♫

Happy Days in an American television sitcom (a genre of comedy that features characters sharing the same common environment) that aired first-run from January 15th, 1974, to September 24th, 1984. 


Plot
Set in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the series revolves around teenager Rich Cunningham and his family: his father, Howard, who owns a hardware store; traditional homemaker and mother, Marion; younger sister Joanie; and high school dropout, biker and suave ladies' man Arthur "Fonzie" Fonzarelli, who would eventually become the Cunninghams' upstairs tenant. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber and Ralph Malph, with Fonzie as a secondary character. However, as the series progressed, Fonzie proved to be a favorite with viewers and soon more story lines were written to reflect his growing popularity, and Winkler was eventually credited with top billing in the opening credits alongside Howard as a result. Fonzie befriended Richie and the Cunningham family, and when Richie left the series for military service, Fonzie became the central figure of the show, with Winkler receiving sole top billing in the opening credits. In later seasons, other characters were introduced including Fonzie's young cousin, Charles "Chachi" Arcola, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. Each of the eleven seasons of the series roughly tracks the eleven years from 1955-1965, inclusive, in which the show was set.

Dark humor☺

The Dark Humor is a form of humor that regards human suffering as absurd rather than pitiable, or that considers human existence as ironic and pointless, but somehow comic. It makes light of subject matter usually considered taboo. It arises from stressful, traumatic, or life-threatening situations, often in circumstances such that death is perceived as impending and unavoidable.


So a guy is walking with a young boy into the woods.

Boy: "Hey mister its getting dark out and I’m scared"Man: "How do you think I feel, I have to walk back alone"


A taxi passenger taps the driver on the shoulder to ask him a question. The driver screams, loses control of the car, nearly hits a bus, goes up on the footpath, and stops centimeters from a shop window. For a second, everything goes quiet in the cab, then the driver says: "Look mate, don't ever do that again. You scared the daylights out of me!". The passenger apologizes and says: "I didn't realize that a little tap would scare you so much.”. The driver replies: "Sorry, it's not really your fault. Today is my first day as a cab driver. I've been driving a funeral van for the last 25 years."

New Forms of Art

Today there are some new beautiful forms of art like Street Art, Matchstick Art, Dirty Windshield Art, Fruit and Vegetable Art, etc. My favourite is the Street Art, but I'm against the vandals. 

STREET ART

Street Art is visual art created in public locations, usually unsanctioned artwork executed outside of the context of traditional art venues. The term gained popularity during the graffiti art boom of the early 1980s and continues to be applied to subsequent incarnations. Stencil graffiti, wheat pasted poster art or sticker art, and street installation or sculpture are common forms of modern street art. The motivations and objectives that drive street artists are as varied as the artists themselves. ‘Street’ artists attempt to have their work communicate with everyday people about socially relevant themes in ways that are informed by esthetic values without being imprisoned by them.

My articles 2013/14

My articles 2013/14

Publish at Calameo or read more publications.

The Black History Month

Black History Month is an annual observance in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom for remembrance of important people and events in the history of the African diaspora, is a month set aside to learn, honor, and celebrate the achievements of black men and women throughout history. The precursor to Black History Month was created in 1926 in the United States, when was announced the second week of February to be "Negro History Week." The expansion of Black History Week to Black History Month was first proposed by the leaders of the Black United Students. The first celebration of the Black History Month took place at Kent State one year later. Black History Month sparks an annual debate about the continued usefulness and fairness of a designated month dedicated to the history of one race. Many people hold concerns about black history being delegated to a single month and the "hero worship" of some of the historical figures often recognized.


Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King Jr was one of America's most influential civil rights activists. His passionate, but non violent protests, helped to raise awareness of racial inequalities in America, leading to significant political change. Martin Luther King was also an eloquent orator who captured the imagination and hearts of people, both black and white. A turning point in the life of Martin Luther King was the Montgomery Bus Boycott which he helped to promote. His boycott also became a turning point in the civil rights struggle - attracting national press for the cause. After the success of the Montgomery bus boycott, King and other ministers founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. This proved to be a nucleus for the growing civil rights movement. Later there would be arguments about the best approach to take. In particular the 1960s saw the rise of the Black power movement, epitomized by Malcolm X and other black nationalist groups. However, King always remained committed to the ideals of non violent struggle.